Mapping of Power Transmission Lines on Malaysian Highways Using UPM-APSB’s AISA Airborne Hyperspectral Imaging System

Power transmission lines routes mapping is an important technique for locating power transmission line routes and towers on mountain/hilltops to assist viewing of their impacts on the environment, operations and allocation of public utilities. A study was therefore conducted to map the power transmission lines within Bukit Lanjan PLUS highway. The main objective of this study is to assess the capability of airborne hyperspectral sensing for mapping of power transmission. By using ENVI software, the airborne hyperspectral imaging data was enhanced using convolution filtering technique using band 3 which produced a gray scale image which appeared clearer and sharper. The spectral reflectance curves were acquired for each power line which showed the same spectrum characteristics in curve or the reflectance energy. This is because of the same power lines composition material for all power lines. Ground verification was done by comparing the UPM-APSB’s AISA Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinates readings with ground GPS coordinates readings of the power transmission lines footings. The ground verification result from the two matching power transmission line footings showed that the accuracy of power lines identification was acceptable. This study implies that airborne hyperspectral imagers are powerful tools for mapping and spotting of suitable large transmission towers and lines

Airborne Hyperspectral Imaging for Mapping of Pavement Cracks on Malaysian Highways

Highway development and the increase of multiple modes of transportation have encourage the needs of highway management and maintenance parallel to a developed country. In Malaysia, the North South Express Highway (PLUS) is regularly maintaining their highways, especially the pavement cracks. Therefore, the latest and accurate information is required on pavement cracks for the maintenance and the management of the highway. A study was therefore conducted to identify and map pavement cracks on Bukit Lanjan PLUS highway using an airborne imaging system to save time, energy and cost. Airborne digital image from UPM - Aeroscan Precision (M) Sdn. Bhd. which was acquired on 19th February 2004 was utilized in this study. After processing using ENVI software version 4.0, results indicated that no cracks were mapped using this sensor. The study implies that future pavement crack mapping should be done using a higher resolution airborne data of less than 1m

Enhanced direct sequence spread spectrum (eDSSS) Method to Mitigate SINR mismatch in LTE-Wi-Fi integrated networks

Demand of data usage and increase of subscribers in Long Term Evolution (LTE) has urged Third Group Partnership Project (3GPP) to find a solution of traffic data growth. In Release 12, the 3GPP introduced Wi-Fi as an alternative to ease the heavy traffic at the LTE base station in dense areas. In contrary with the traffic offloading, Wi-Fi users suffer the worst network degradation because of co-channel interference at frequency 2.4GHz due to collided with LTE band 40. Interference management in LTE-Wi-Fi integrated network is crucial as it affect user’s experiences and services. In this paper, we enhanced a method which is Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) to improve user’s performance in LTE-Wi-Fi network. The DSSS has advantages such as more robust and ability to expand to higher data rates. We introduce a new coefficient called as chip rate coefficient (α) to investigate Signal-to-Interference-Noise Ratio (SINR) expression for User Equipments (UEs) in LTE-Wi-Fi networks. The simulation results discovered that proposed α with value of 0.2 gave the optimum improvement of SINR for LTE and Wi-Fi users. By modifying the SINR expression of the standard DSSS, SINR values at MUE and WUE show better improvement with 4.69% and 17.94%, respectively

IoT System on Dynamic Fish Feeder Based on Fish Existence for Agriculture Aquaponic Breeders

يعتبر الحفاظ على الأسماك وتربيتها في البركة مهمة حاسمة لمربي الأسماك الكبير. القضايا الرئيسية لمربي الأسماك هي إدارة الأحواض مثل إنتاج الغذاء للأسماك والحفاظ على جودة مياه الأحواض. تم اختراع النظام الديناميكي أو التكنولوجي للمربين وأصبح مهمًا للحصول على أقصى عائد ربح لمربي الاستزراع النباتي والسمكي في الحفاظ على الأسماك. يقدم هذا البحث نموذجًا أوليًا مطورًا لمغذي الأسماك الديناميكي بناءً على وجود الأسماك. تمت برمجة وحدة تغذية الأسماك الديناميكية لتتغذى حيث اكتشفت أجهزة الاستشعار وجود الأسماك. تم برمجة لوحة متحكم NodeMCU ESP8266 للأجهزة المطورة. تتحكم وحدة التحكم في آلية التغذية والتغذية المرتدة بناءً على المستشعرات المرفقة. جهاز استشعار بالموجات فوق الصوتية مبرمج مع جهاز التحكم لاكتشاف مستوى الطعام ومقاومة للماء بالموجات فوق الصوتية للكشف عن الأسماك الموجودة. تم استخدام مستشعر الرطوبة لقياس الرطوبة في حاوية الطعام للتحكم في نضارة الطعام. تم استخدام محركين مؤازرين لتحريك مستشعر الماء لجذب الأسماك وتوزيع الطعام على الأسماك عند وجودها. تعرض النتيجة أربعة مستويات تم قياسها وهي درجة حرارة حاوية الطعام ، ونوعية الطعام بناءً على قياس الرطوبة ، وعداد الكشف عن الأسماك ومستوى طعام الأسماك في الحاوية. تم تقديم تحليلات البيانات على جميع المستويات المقاسة على منصة ThingSpeak باستخدام Blynk للحصول على مجموعات البيانات من جميع أجهزة الاستشعار. يعتبر هذا البحث مهمًا لمربي الأسماك الذين يدعمون تطبيقات الأجهزة المتصلة عبر الإنترنت والجوال بنظام IR4.0 والتي تساهم أيضًا في الزراعة اليوم.Maintaining and breeding fish in a pond are a crucial task for a large fish breeder. The main issues for fish breeders are pond management such as the production of food for fishes and to maintain the pond water quality. The dynamic or technological system for breeders has been invented and becomes important to get maximum profit return for aquaponic breeders in maintaining fishes. This research presents a developed prototype of a dynamic fish feeder based on fish existence. The dynamic fish feeder is programmed to feed where sensors detected the fish's existence. A microcontroller board NodeMCU ESP8266 is programmed for the developed hardware. The controller controls the feeding and feedback mechanism based on attached sensors. An ultrasonic sensor is programmed with the controller to detect the level of food and waterproof ultrasonic to detect existing fish. The humidity sensor was used to measure the humidity in the food container to control the food freshness. Two servo motors were used to move the waterproof sensor to attract the fish and to dispense the food to the fish when existed. The result presents four measured levels that are the temperature of the food container, the quality of food based on humidity measured, fish detection counter and level of fish food in the container. Data analytics on all the measured levels was presented on the ThingSpeak platform by using Blynk to get data collections from all sensors. This research is significant for fish breeders that support IR4.0 system connected online and mobile apps which also contribute to today’s agriculture

Soil moisture index estimation from landsat 8 images for prediction and monitoring landslide occurrences in Ulu Kelang, Selangor, Malaysia

Soil moisture is one of the contributing factors that accelerates soil erosion and landslide events due to the increase in pore pressure which eventually reduces the soil strength. For landslide prediction and monitoring purposes, large-scale measurement involves estimating the soil moisture. However, estimation of soil moisture usually involves point-based measurements at a particular site and time, which is difficult to capture the spatial and temporal soil moisture dynamics. This paper presents the estimation of the SMI using Landsat 8 images for prediction and monitoring of landslide events in Ulu Kelang, Selangor. The selected SMI map for dry, moist, and wet seasons are obtained from climatology rainfall analysis over 20-year periods (1998-2017). SMI is assessed based on remote sensing data which are land surface temperature (LST) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) using GIS software. Overall results indicated that rainfall distribution is high during inter-monsoon (IM), followed by northeast monsoon (NEM) and southwest monsoon (SWM) season. High rainfall distribution is a direct contributor towards SMI condition. Results from simulation show that April 2017 is known to have the highest SMI estimation season and selected to be the best SMI mapping parameter to be applied for prediction and monitoring of landslide events

Performance Analysis of Propagation in VHF Military Tactical Communication System

يتمثل التحدي الرئيسي لأنظمة الاتصالات التكتيكية العسكرية في إمكانية الوصول إلى المعلومات ذات الصلة حول بيئة التشغيل الخاصة المطلوبة لتحديد الاستخدام المثالي لشكل الموجة. يركز نموذج الانتشار الحالي بشكل أساسي على البث والاتصالات اللاسلكية التجارية باستخدام هوائي جهاز إرسال واستقبال عالي الارتفاع غير مناسب للعديد من أنظمة الاتصالات التكتيكية العسكرية. تقدم هذه الورقة دراسة لنموذج خسارة المسير المتعلق بمظهر الانتشار الراديوي داخل الضواحي في كوالالمبور. تم جمع نمذجة خسارة المسير التجريبية لانتشار الموجات المترية (VHF) من إعدادات الضواحي المختلفة لمدى التردد 30-88 MHz. تأثرت هذه التجربة بشدة بالعوامل البيئية وتأثيرات انتشار الموجات الحالية مثل الانعكاس والحيود والتشتت وتأثير دوبلر. يتم تقييم أداء الانتشار الراديوي من خلال جمع القدرة المستلمة في المحطة الفرعية المخصصة ومقارنتها مع نماذج الانتشار الحالية. كما سيتم ضبط نموذج الانتشار الحالي بالقرب من قيمة القياس عن طريق تحديد الأس الأفضل لخسارة المسير لتنفيذ نموذج مناسب لمنطقة الضواحي. تُظهر التقييمات والتحليلات النظرية لمرحلة القياس الأولية للانتشار الراديوي المساهمة الواسعة للمجال الراديوي من العوائق المحتملة عند ترددات VHF المنخفضة لكل من النطاقات القصيرة والمتوسطة هناك. يشير التفسير إلى نماذج التنبؤ بالانتشار الراديوي القياسية المعقولة عمومًا لمنطقة الضواحي. من تحليل الخطأ العام ، يتضح أن أداء LDPL مع تعديل أس خسارة المسار هو النموذج المناسب لأنه يحتوي على أقل قيمة لمقاييس الخطأ.The main challenge of military tactical communication systems is the accessibility of relevant information on the particular operating environment required for the determination of the waveform's ideal use. The existing propagation model focuses mainly on broadcasting and commercial wireless communication with a highs transceiver antenna that is not suitable for numerous military tactical communication systems. This paper presents a study of the path loss model related to radio propagation profile within the suburban in Kuala Lumpur. The experimental path loss modeling for VHF propagation was collected from various suburban settings for the 30-88 MHz frequency range. This experiment was highly affected by ecological factors and existing wave propagation effects such as reflection, diffraction, scattering, and Doppler effect. Radio propagation performance is evaluated by collecting received power at the allocated substation and comparing it against existing propagation models. The existing propagation model also will be tuned close to the measurement value by identifying the best path loss exponent to perform a suitable model for a suburban area. Theoretical assessments and analysis of the initial measurement stage for radio propagation show the extensive contribution of radio field from potential obstacles at lower VHF frequencies for both short and medium ranges around there. The explanation indicates the standard radio propagation prediction models that are generally reasonable for the suburban area. From the general error analysis, it is seen that, the performance of the LDPL with adjusting path loss exponent is the suitable model since it has least value of error metrics

Performance Analysis of Interference Alignment (IA) Scheme with the Presence of Frequency Offset

MIMO OFDMA system known as a good choice for high data rate wireless applications, but the factors such as carrier frequency offset (CFO) from frequency mismatching, time variations due to Doppler shift or phase noise has extensively destroys the orthogonality of the subcarriers which leads to inter-carrier interference (ICI) which severely degrades the performance of the system significantly. Hence, in this paper, the Space Time Frequency Block Codes (STFBC) technique and Interference Alignment (IA) scheme is applied to achieve the diversity and as an alternative approach to mitigate the ICI respectively. Through simulations, it is shown that the proposed scheme is able to improve the system performance in term of Bit Error Rate (BER)

A review on predictive maintenance technique for nuclear reactor cooling system using machine learning and augmented reality

Reactor TRIGA PUSPATI (RTP) is the only research nuclear reactor in Malaysia. Maintenance of RTP is crucial which affects its safety and reliability. Currently, RTP maintenance strategies used corrective and preventative which involved many sensors and equipment conditions. The existing preventive maintenance method takes a longer time to complete the entire system’s maintenance inspection. This study has investigated new predictive maintenance techniques for developing RTP predictive maintenance for primary cooling systems using machine learning (ML) and augmented reality (AR). Fifty papers from recent referred publications in the nuclear areas were reviewed and compared. Detailed comparison of ML techniques, parameters involved in the coolant system and AR design techniques were done. Multiclass support vector machines (SVMs), artificial neural network (ANN), long short-term memory (LSTM), feed forward back propagation (FFBP), graph neural networks-feed forward back propagation (GNN-FFBP) and ANN were used for the machine learning techniques for the nuclear reactor. Temperature, water flow, and water pressure were crucial parameters used in monitoring a nuclear reactor. Image marker-based techniques were mainly used by smart glass view and handheld devices. A switch knob with handle switch, pipe valve and machine feature were used for object detection in AR markerless technique. This study is significant and found seven recent papers closely related to the development of predictive maintenance for a research nuclear reactor in Malaysia

Design of time division multiplexing/wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network system for high-capacity network

This paper presents the design of time division multiplexing-wavelength division multiplexing-passive optical network (TDM-WDM PON). In this design, the current TDM PON is incorporated with the proposed WDM-PON in order to design a high-capacity network with lower loss requirements. The design has been simulated using OptiSystem software. The upstream wavelength for WDM is between 1,530.334 to 1,542.142 nm while for TDM is 1,310 nm. The downstream wavelength for WDM is from 1,569.865 to 1,581.973 nm, while for TDM is 1,490 nm. Based on the result, it is found that the proposed network is capable to support up to 64 customers with a bit rate of 2.5 Gbps

Design of L-Band Multiwavelength Laser for TDM/WDM PON Application

      يقدم هذا البحث عن تصميم ليزر L-Band متعدد الطول الموجي لتطبيقات الشبكة البصرية المنفعلة (PON) بتقسيم الوقت الهجين / تعدد الإرسال بتقسيم الطول الموجي (TDM / WDM). في هذا التصميم ، تم تصميم ليزر الطول الموجي ذو النطاق L ليكون بمثابة إشارات المصب لـ TDM / WDM PON. تتراوح إشارات المصب من 1569.865 نانومتر إلى 1581.973 نانومتر مع تباعد 100 جيجا هرتز. تم تصميم الليزر متعدد الطول الموجي باستخدام برنامج OptiSystem وهو مدمج في TDM / WDM PON المصمم أيضًا باستخدام برنامج محاكاة OptiSystem. من خلال تكييف ليزر الألياف متعدد الطول الموجي في شبكة TDM / WDM ، يتم اقتراح إشارة بسيطة ومنخفضة التكلفة في اتجاه مجرى النهر. من تصميم المحاكاة ، وجد أن التصميم المقترح مناسب للاستخدام في TDM / WDM PON لما يصل إلى 64 وحدة شبكة بصرية (ONUs).This paper presents on the design of L-Band Multiwavelength laser for Hybrid Time Division Multiplexing/ Wavelength Division Multiplexing (TDM/WDM) Passive Optical Network (PON) application. In this design, an L-band Mulltiwavelength Laser is designed as the downstream signals for TDM/WDM PON. The downstream signals ranging from 1569.865 nm to 1581.973 nm with 100GHz spacing. The multiwavelength laser is designed using OptiSystem software and it is integrated into a TDM/WDM PON that is also designed using OptiSystem simulation software. By adapting multiwavelength fiber laser into a TDM/WDM network, a simple and low-cost downstream signal is proposed. From the simulation design, it is found that the proposed design is suitable to be used in TDM/WDM PON for up to 64 Optical Network Units (ONUs)